Rotary engine or pump



. A A A 1,636,486 July 19 192.7' B. R. PLANCHE no'TARY ENGINE on PUMP' A Filed Jap. 29. -1923 s sheets-sheet 1 1 W2', n ,2f-1 I@ y r l ff a f X. i il v jv- H 1"? dl/ 'j '2. .s n L n j y /l/ Y l C@ 4 j la l@ l f ci (q i J eq l 1l 1/ Flaz f' ff;

ccd1/wauw' 1 y zf/f/(z//ff/l' July 19, 1927.

- B. R. PLANCHE,A

noTARYr-:NGINE 0R PUMP Filed Jan. 29. 1923 5 Sheets-Sheet` 2v l July 19, 1927.

B. R. Elf-ANCHE ROTARY ENGINE 0R PUMP Filed Jan. 29. 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIGQQ CII Patented July 19, 1927.

UNITED STAT Es PATENT or-i-icE-...-

BENJAMIN :REN PLANCHE, or VILLEFRANCHE-SUR-SAQNE, FRANC@ ASSIGNOB "ro MRS. WIDOW ERNEST BENOIT PLANCHE, BORN CLOTILDE PEBDBIX, FRANCE.

ROTARY ENGINE OR PUMP.

Application lfed .January 29',

that described in Rotary pumps such as 0 1920, and 1n 1' ports provided in the circumferential wall of the casing. Experience has shown that the inlet and outlet ports thus situated have the defect of decreasing the volumetric output. p

The improvements which form the object .of the present invention relate:-

Firstly to the obtention of delays in the A. periods-of inlet and outlet so as to produce expansion of the gases compressed in the injurious space between the piston and the lateral surface-of the casing, and secondly to provide for as small an injurious space as possible. A v I attain these objects .by giving the inlet ports a particular position as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings which represent a vacuum pump or compressor and in which t Fig. 1 is a section on line 1-1 of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a vertical section on line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are diagrammatic views similar to Fig. 1 showing Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation of the rotary pump and shows the piston rotating in the casing. y

Fig. 7 ,'s a partial cross section showing one end of the piston and one cheek of the casing.

Fig. 8 is a similar view illustrating how inspection of or replacement/of the packing plates of the piston can be eiiected.

Fig.l 9 is a detail view, on an enlarged scale, of'a part of Fig. 7

10 1s a modification of the detail illustrated in Fig.\9. l, y

the rotary piston inthree different positions. .40

192s, serial No. 615,725, and in limite February 17, 1m.

Fig. 11 illustrates in detail the mo'nting of the packing lates of the piston. l

l Referring to igs. 1 and 2 the pump illustrated comprises a conohoidal cylinder a, provided with a cheek 'i at each end. Inside this cylinder a a piston b `can cross section of this piston bein rectangular and the longitudinal section siform.

The breadth of this piston is equal to the distance between the two ends or cheeks of the cylinder. Its length is approximately equal to the distance between the two points N1 N2 measured on thevdiameter N which divides the piston into'two halves, when the said iston is at the dead centre, 'as illustrateci) in Fig. 1.

The piston b of Vrotation by means of axfra'nkshaft d which carries an eccentric e ,(Fi'g..-2) the collar of which is' formed bytheV piston b. This piston carries on each ofjits vtwo Hat side faces a crown f with interior teeth; two ixedpinions g integral with the side cheeks z' of the casing containing the piston are further mounted on the axis. of the crank shaft d. Byvthese means when the crankshaft is rotated, the interiorly toothed crowns f, mounted on the .piston b, roll, without slipping on the fixed pinions g fixed to the chee s i of thecasing, and the rotary movement of the piston b in relation to the crankshaft dis obtained. In its rotation the centre of the piston describes a circle with a uniform movement and the piston itself rotates around its centre inthe Asame direction but at half speed. The machine is balanced by means of two, ilywheels h; the outlet valve is placed at 6.

Inl the known pumps of this kind, the in'- let and outlet ports are in the circumferential wall of the cylinder a at the points N1, N. The improvement. which lforms the object of the present inventionfpnsists. in the position given to the two linlet ports 1.

These are provided in therinterior partaof the cheeks i (Figs 1- and'2) and are situated in the part of the casing of larger size l' limited `by the line N`1 N, the outlet port 2 being placed inl the circumferential wall a in the part of smaller size. The inlet communicate nwith the exterior thro channels 3 provided in the-thickneg of;l e

is given a uniforiiiinovement v rotate, the l side Walls and terminating at the orifice` 4.

It is obvious that the piston must close the inlet ports before opening the outlet port; in the same way it must close the outlet before opening the inlets. Y For 'this' purpose the edges of the blades c and the ends s of the packings s with which the piston is provided must clear the ports 1 so as not to risk catching on the edges of these ports during the rotation of the piston, and-that width of the piston b' which moves over the said inlet ports and which completely closes them the following during a fraction of a revolution lmust be selectedfor closing the inlet ports.

Theseconditions are fullled by givingv the inlet ports 1 the shape, size'and position shown in Figs. 1, `3, 4 and 5. The shape is that of a distorted right-angled triangle the apexofwhich is directed upwardsand situated at a .lower level than the shaft d. The three sides vare formed by portions of intersecting circles, which are described from points z-The side 1 is described from the centre of the shaft d with such radius that the periphery of the gear crowns or'rings f, which may comprise packings, passes a ong the said edge 1, but wlthout touching it, during the fraction of a revolution performed by lthe piston when" passing from the position shown in Fig. 3 to the position 'illustrated in Fig. 5; the side 1" .and.thelbase1 are described from diferent points, but with an equal radius R which is that describing each edge of the piston. Thebase 1 is so situated 'that it conforms with one of the edges of the end A of the pistonf'when the latteris in the posiform more simpl (for each si eof the piston) -by a me 'an arc of a circle mv. of radiuslR described from the point X, and two outer arcs of radius R' described both 'from the point X.

The plates or'bladespressed by .centrifugal force against the circumferential wall a of the casinga to secure the desired packing, end by wearing out after acertain period of service andrlt is of advantage tia be able to replace them without dislnounitingtlie As it is preferable to have.- as vlittle' slid-V ing movement ofthe plates as possible so as with the cylinder. This piston, provided with its plates, should in fact be able to preserve an almost constant length.

As the pump is provided with curvedl packings s on the lateral surfaces `of the piston, 1t 1s necessary to prevent these packingsbeing displacedwith respect to theirhousing in the direction of their curve.

y For this reason a holder b1 is mounted in a recess of the piston. This holder passes therein 1t is so situated 'in Vrelation to the axis of the piston that theseholdersfare slightly in arrear on the movement of the piston with respect to the axis (Figs. 6 and 11). The ends of the curved packings 8 bear against the sides of the holders b1, and v any displacement ofthe packings is ren'- dered imposs1ble.

In-'order to allowof the renewal of the 'i (Figs.l 7 to 10) are each provided with an (said plates or blades without being obliged to demount the machine, the two cheeks z' aperture T of which the diameter is greater than the depth of the grooves' serving as housing and guide tothe plates. c. These two apertures T are situated opposite each other, and their positions are selected so that they lie in the path of the endsof the plates c, and so that, during the working of the machine, the differences of pressure between the two Sides of the piston are virtually zero. Y

The position of the apertures T will coincide, for instance, with the'channels 4 conducting the fluid to the interior ofthe caslng a and leading tothe inlet ports 1. Each of the apertures T is' closed by a plug B.

' 'By removing the'two plugs B, it will be easyv to -renew the plates o asthey can' be passedin turn in .-front of the apertures. T,

' and it will suflice to force out the Worn out plate c with a new plate c' whichjwill thus e automatically put in place (Fig. 8).

The position indicated 1s noti absolutely.'-

essential and couldbe altered; for instance it could be' situated in thewater-]'aeket,b casting therewith a projectio'nF1 vin whic tratedinFig. 10.

methods 4is 'adopted the lu structedin-accordance wit t e in detail'in Figs. 9' and 10.

a screw-threaded plug B? is engaged as illusf .According as one or the otherfofftliese.. types'f'shownf120 I The exhaustvalve is applied on its'seatieither by-gravity or by the counterpressure existingv in the chamber 5 provided with ad second spring governed valve 7 These two to reduce the` effects of .the pressure'uponmonsecutive-valves 'create the intermediary them, their position is so.chosen that their point of V'contact on the casing is as nearas ible on the point ofintersection formed y the extension of the axis of the piston chamber 5 which is providedwith an orifice,

-not illustrated, and closable by avalve actuated byautomatic means ingsuch a way that when the reservoir of-compressedair has reached the required pressure the chaml` dead centre, there is below the piston a quantity of fluid sucked in and above the Apiston in the enlarged port opening or channel'2 a quantity which is compressed.

When the piston rotates, assuming the positions shown in Figs. 3 and 4 to be successive, the injurious space increases, so that the fluid which was compressed in that space expands, thus imparting to the iston the energy which such fluid has previously 'abc sorbed.

In the position shown in Fig. 4, the outlet port or channel 2 is opened and puts into communication the spaces H and I-I situated on opposite sides of the piston, the pressures areequalized and a slight supercompression results ofthev opposed quantity of fluid previously sucked in.

The piston continuing to rotate closes the outlet Aport and a. moment later opens the inlet ports 1. From that moment the pis- 5" ton exerts suction during its operation until it has reached the position shown in Fig. 1.

In this position of the piston, the inlet ports are completely opened. By virtue of its kinetic energy, the fluid in the feed duct again passes into the cylinder, roducing a preliminary compression of the uid already sucked in, which compression increases at the time of passageoffthe fluid from the opposite side of the piston'after the voluntary incomplete expansion of the'njurious space' as has beenv herembefore mentioned. The piston pursuing its movement gradually closes the inlet ports, then opens they exhaust port and the fluids are compressedl until the outlet valve 6 opens.

The particular position and shape given to the inlet ports gives great advantages. 'In particular the described super-compression of the gases for equalizing the pressures on each side ofthe piston when the packing' members cof the ends of the piston pass the outlet port. In fact, if one assumes a cery tain quantity of gas under pressure to be accumulated in the injurious space, one can, above all, owing to the adoptedarrangement of the ports, allow these gases to expand and obtain the reciprocation of the energy which they contain.

This greater part of the energy being recuperated, in order .to prevent continuing the displacement of the piston, the bypass device which enables the pressures on both sides of the piston to be equalized is provided.

By this device, the residue of the gases which was not com" letely expanded ends by fully expanding lw i le slightly compressing the charge4 which has just been sucked in.

The equalizationlof thepressure is effected, as shown by the arrow'i-'in Fig. 4, at the locality of the outlet port'2.. It is-due to the action of expansion still remaining to be obtained from the gases compressed in the injurious space and imperfectly expanded through thepositions given to the ports. Therefore this energy is partly recuperated, and the intake of the following revolution is also more easily effected, which intake is facilitated by the position of the inlet ports 1, which do not open until after the communication4 equalizing the 'pressures on opposite sides of the piston has been interrupted yfor a certain period (Fig. 5), thus creating an extremely favourable initial depression at the moment of opening the inlet ports.

From the above it follows that the expansion of the gases contained in the injurious space is effected in three phases :-v

The first phase is comprised between the vpositions illustrated in Figs. v1 and 3, owing to 'the delays given to the corresponding positions of the inlet orifices 1 and the dis-- charge port'2; when the piston reaches the position shown in Fig. 3, thel inlet orifices 1 are obstructed.

The second phase (Fig. 4) starts from the intereommunication between the -two sides of they piston, as shown by the arrow. In this position the inlet ports are still obstructed bythe width of the said piston.

The third phase starts from the continuation of the displacement of the piston in the cylinder before theopening of the inlet orifices, that is to say from the approximate position of the piston as shown in 4 to that shown in Fig. 5.

I am aware that prior to my invention rotary engines of the type' herein referred to comprising a cylindrical casing have been provided with triangular inlet ports in the side walls of the casing and with an outlet port inthe cylindrical'wall of the casing. I therefore do not claim such position or shape of the valves broadly; but I do claim- 1. In a 4rotary pump or compressor, a cylindrical casing having inlet ports in its side walls situated below the median horizontal plane of the casing and to one side of its median transverse vertical plane, and also having an exhaust Aport situated in its cy'- lindrical wall above said horizontalplane and to the other side of saidvvertical plane;

' and a rotary fusiform piston in said casing having fiat side lfacesl to close the inlet ports,

ing' a channel therein which is 'situated above said horizontal plane and to the same side of said vertical plane as said exhaust port and f adjacent thereto to placethe spaces on opposite sidesof said piston in communication during a fraction 'of a rotation of the piston when theinlet and outlet ports are closed.

2. In a rotary .pump or compressor, a cylindrical casing having inlet ports in its sidevvalls situated below the median hori' zontal plane of the casing and to one side'of ,its Vmedian transversel vertical plane, and also -havingan exhaust port situated in-its cylindrical wall above said horizontal plane-n and' to the other side of said vertical plane; a rotary fusiformpislton in casing having flat side faces to close said vinlet ports,

-saidcylindrical casing wall having a channel therein which is situatedab'ove said horizontal plane and 'to the same side of said vertical plane as said exhaust port and 'adjacent thereto to place. the spaces' on' opposite sides of said piston in communication during a fraction of a rotation of the piston when the inlet and outlet ports are closed; removable packing plates carried by the piston; and' removable plugs closin diametrically-o posed4 apertures forme .in the'- .side lwals of 'the cylindrical` casing to the base curves of sai-d triangular ports coincide with the other curved face of the piston 3. In a'rotary pump, orcompressor, a cy- ,lindrical casing, a flat-sided, fusifftorm vrotary piston therein,. an eccentricffycarrying. the piston, and a-shaft whereon thefeccentric is mounted;"said casinv having in its side walls oppositely-loate cide with one of the curved-faces 'of the piston in Vone position of the' latter, while the.

outer curves of said triangular ports coinat' another. position ofthe latter, said ports being situated to one side of the central vertical transverse plane of said casing and at a level below 'the' axis of said shaft.

In witness 4 whereof I have speciication.

BENJAMIN REN PLANCHE'- 2- facilitate the introduction or removal of 359i v inlet .poits the form of curvilinear-triangles 'to ibe closed by Signed this 55 A 

